Satanás e o Protoevangelho em Gênesis3!?
Palavras-chave:
Satanás no AT, Protoevangelho, Gênesis 3, Serpente no AT, QuedaResumo
A presença de Satanás no Antigo Testamento é bem pequena. Gênesis 3 traz o relato da Queda. A serpente é um animal comparado aos outros, embora o mais astuto entre eles. Essa ambiguidade da serpente leva o lei- tor a questionar se ela é apenas uma serpente qualquer ou se Satanás está presente nela. O que a estratégia da serpente mostra a respeito dela? O castigo pelo pecado que resulta da Queda implica na promessa da vinda do Messias? O estudo se preocupa em tentar responder essas perguntas. Com base em uma análise criteriosa de Gênesis 3 e as possíveis alusões a esse texto no AT e no NT procura-se veriëcar se o texto deixa clara a presença de Satanás em Gênesis 3, quais as características do diálogo entre a serpente e Eva, o que as consequências da Queda indicam e se alegação do protoevangelho é justiëcada. O estudo procura mostrar que a ambiguidade da serpente é intencional – o texto não menciona Satanás, embora isso se torna claro no NT. O protoevangelho também é repleto de ambiguidades, mas possivelmente aponta para a vinda de um libertador que esmagará a cabeça da serpente.
Métricas
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Referências
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______. ~Wr[| (astuto, ardiloso). In: HARRIS, R. Laird;ARCHER, Jr., Gleason L.; WALTKE, Bruce K. (Org.). Dicionário internacional de teologia do Antigo Testa- mento. São Paulo: Vida Nova, 1998b, p. 1172-1173.
ALEXANDER, T. Desmond. Further observations on the term “seed” in Genesis. Tyndale Bulletin, v. 48, n. 2, p. 363-367, 1997.
BERCOT, David W. (Org.). A dictionary of early Chris- tian beliefs. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1998.
BIETENHARD, Hans. ofij (cobra, serpente). In:BROWN, Colin (Ed.). Novo dicionário internacional de teologia do Novo Testamento. São Paulo: Vida Nova, 1989, v. 1, p. 687-688.
BOWKER, John (Ed.). e Oxford dictionary of world religions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
BROWN, Derek R. “ e God of peace will shortly crush Satan under your feet”: Paul’s eschatological reminder in Romans 16:20a. Neotestamentica v. 44, n. 1, p. 1-14, 2010.
CETINA, Edesio Sánchez. La misión de Israel a las naciones: Pentateuco y profetas anteriores. In PADILLA, René (Ed.). Bases bíblicas de la misión: Perspectivas la- tinoamericanas. Buenos Aires: Kairós, 1998, p. 37-85.
CALVERT-KOYZIS. Nancy. Abraham. Dictionary of the later New Testament & its developments. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1997, p. 1-6.
CHARLESWORTH, James H. Revealing the genius of biblical authors: archaeology and theology. Communio viatorum v. 46, n. 2, p 124-140, 2004.
CHISHOLM Jr., Robert H. “For this reason”: Etiology and the implications for the historicity of Adam. Criswell Theological Review v. 10, n. 2, p. 27-51, Spring. 2013.
COLLINS, Jack. A syntactical note (Genesis 3:15): Is the woman’s seed singular or plural? Tyndale Bulletin v. 48, n. 1, p. 139-148, 1997.
DAY. Alfred E.; JORDAN, Gregory D. Serpent. In: BRO- MILEY, Geoff rey W. (Ed.). e international standard Bible encyclopedia. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1988, v. 4, p. 417-418.
DeSILVA, David A. Wisdom of Solomon. In: EVANS, Craig A.; PORTER, Stanley (Ed.). Dictionary of New Testament Background. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2000, p. 1268-1276.
DOCHBORN. Jan. Paulus und die polyglotte Schriftge- lehrsamkeit seiner Zeit. Eine Studie zu den exegetischen Hintergründen von Röm 16,20. Zeitschrift fü r die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der ä lteren Kirche v. 98, n. 2, p. 189-212, 2007.
DÜCK, Arthur W. Satanás no Antigo Testamento. Re- vista Batista Pioneira v. 2, n. 1, p. 135-157, jun. 2013.
EICHRODT, Walther. Teologia do Antigo Testamento. São Paulo: Hagnos, 2004.
EMMRICH, Martin. The temptation narrative of Gen- esis 3:1-6: a prelude to the Pentateuch and the history of Israel. Evangelical Quarterly v. 73, n. 1, p. 3-20, 2001.
FICHTNER, Johannes; GRETHER, Oskar. e serpent in the OT. In: KITTEL, Gerhard; FRIEDRICH, Ger- hard (Ed.). Theological dictionary of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979, v. 5, p. 571-575.
FOERSTER, Werner. ofij (serpent). In: KITTEL, Ger- hard; FRIEDRICH, Gerhard (Ed.). Theological dictionary of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdma- ns, 1979, v. 5, p. 566-571.
FOUTS, David M. Numbers, large numbers. In: AR- NOLD, Bill T.; WILLIAMSON, H. G. M. (Ed.). Dic- tionary of the Old Testament historical books. Down- ers Grove: InterVarsity, 2005, p. 750-754.
FRETHEIM, Terence E. Is Genesis 3 a fall story? Word & World v. 14, n. 2, p. 144-153, 1994.
GARCIA-JALÓN DE LA LAMA, Santiago. Era la serpente mas más astuta alimaña que Dios hizo. Scripta Theologica v. 38, n. 2, p. 425-444, maio/ago. 2006.
GEHRKE, Ralph D. Genesis three in the light of key hermeneutical considerations. Concordia eological Monthly v. 36, n. 8, p. 534-560, set. 1965.
GLASSER, Arthur F.; VAN ENGEN, Charles E.; GIL- LILAND, Dean S; REDFORD, Shawn B. Announcing the kingdom: e story of God’s mission in the Bible. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2003.
GOW, Murray D. Fall. In: ALEXANDER, T. Desmond;BAKER, David W. (Ed.). Dictionary of the Old Testa- ment Pentateuch. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2003, p. 287-291.
HAMILTON, James. The seed of the woman and the blessing of Abraham. Tyndale Bulletin v. 58, n. 2, p.253-273, 2007.
HAMILTON, Victor P. [rz (sow, scater, seed). In: VAN- GEMEREN, Willem A. (Ed.). New international dic- tionary of Old Testament theology & exegesis. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1997, v. 1, p. 1151-1152.
______. (semear, espalhar semente). In: VANGEME- REN, Willem A. (Ed.). Novo dicionário internacional de teologia e exegese do Antigo Testamento. São Paulo:Cultura Cristã, 2011, v. 1, p. 1120-1121.
HANDY, Lowell K. Serpent (religious symbol). In:FREEDMAN, Daniel N. (Ed.). Anchor Bible Diction- ary. New York: Doubleday, 1992, v. 5, p. 1113-1116.
HARTLEY, John E. Genesis (NIBC). Peabody: Hen- drickson, 2003.
HENDEL, R. S. Serpent. In: VAN DER TOORN, Karel;BECKING, Bob; VAN DER HORST, Pieter (Ed.). Dic- tionary of deities and demons in the Bible. 2. ed. rev. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999, p. 744-747.
JANOWSKI, B. Azazel. In VAN DER TOORN, Karel;BECKING, Bob; VAN DER HORST, Pieter (Ed.). Dic- tionary of deities and demons in the Bible. 2. ed. rev. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999, p. 128-131.
JAROS, Karl. Die Motive der heiligen Bäume und der Schlange in Gen 2-3. Zeitschrift für die alttestamentli- che Wissenschaft v. 92, n. 2, p. 204-215, 1980.
JOINES, Karen Randolph. The serpent in Genesis 3. Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft v. 87, n. 1, p. 1-11, 1975.
KAISER, Walter C. Mission in the Old Testament: Is- rael as a light to the nations. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2000.
KIDNER, Derek. Gênesis: introdução e comentário. Sé- rie Cultura Cristã. São Paulo: Vida Nova, 1985.
KLINGBEIL, Gerald A. Historical criticism. In: ALEX- ANDER, T. Desmond; BAKER, David W. (Ed.). Dic- tionary of the Old Testament Pentateuch, Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2003, p. 401-420.
KÖSTENBERGER, Andreas J.; O’BRIEN, Peter T. Sal- vation to the ends of the earth: A biblical theology of mission. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2001.
LANE, William. Hebrews (WBC). Dallas: Word, 1991.
LEWIS, Jack P. e woman’s seed (Gen 3:15). JETS v. 34, n. 3, p. 299-319, set. 1991.
LUC, Alex T. ~r[ (‘rm, astuto). In: VANGEMEREN, Willem A. (Ed.). New international dictionary of Old Testament theology & exegesis. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1997, v. 3, p. 539-541.
______. ~r[ (‘rm, astuto). In: VANGEMEREN, Willem A. (Ed.). Novo dicionário internacional de teologia e exegese do Antigo Testamento. São Paulo: Cultura Cris- tã, 2011, v. 3, p. 537-538.
MARTIN, Raymond A. The earliest messianic interpre- tation of Genesis 3.15. Journal of Biblical Literature v. 84, n. 4, p. 425-427, dez, 1965.
McFALL, Leslie. Serpente. In: ALEXANDER, T.; ROS- NER, Brian S. (Ed.). Novo dicionário de teologia bíblica. São Paulo: Vida, 2009, p. 1188-1191.
McKENZIE, John L. The literary characteristics of Ge- nesis 2-3. Theological Studies v. 15, n. 4, p. 541-572, dez. 1954.
MOO, Douglas. The epistle to the Romans (NICNT). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1996.
MOTYER, J. Alec. Look at the rock: An Old Testament background to our understanding of Christ. Leicester, England: InterVarsity, 1998.
PAGE, Sydney H. T. Powers of evil: A biblical study of Satan & demons. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1995.
PHILLIPS, Elaine A. Serpent intertexts: Tantalizing twists in the tales. Bulletin for Biblical Research v. 10, n. 2, p 233-245, 2000.
POWELL, Matthew T. The serpent absent: Reading the second story of sin. Living Pulpit (Online) v. 18, n. 4, out./dez. 2009.
POYTHRESS, Vern S. The presence of God qualifying our notions of grammatical-historical interpretation:Genesis 3:15 as a test case. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society v. 50, n 1, p. 87-103, mar. 2007.
RILEY, G. J. Devil. In: VAN DER TOORN, Karel;BECKING, Bob; VAN DER HORST, Pieter (Ed.). Dic- tionary of deities and demons in the Bible. 2. ed. rev. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999, p. 244-249.
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______. The theme of Eve and Mary in the Early Chris- tian Church. Disponível em: <http://www.theway.org. uk/back/s025MacKenzie.pdf>. Acesso em: 09/11/2015.
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______. vx|n| (nahas – cobra, serpente). In: VANGEME- REN, Willem A. (Ed.). Novo dicionário internacional de teologia e exegese do Antigo Testamento. São Paulo:Cultura Cristã, 2011, v. 3, p. 87-91
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______. Serpent. In: ALEXANDER, T. Desmond;BAKER, David W. (Ed.). Dictionary of the Old Testament Pentateuch, Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2003b, p. 736-739.
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______. Book of Genesis. In: VANHOOZER, Kevin J. (org.). Dictionary for theological interpretation of the Bible. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2005, p. 246- 252.
______. Exploring the Old Testament: a guide to the Pentateuch, vol. 1. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2003.
WEYERMANN, Maja. The typologies of Adam-Christ and Eve-Mary, and their relationship to one another. Anglican Theological Review v. 84, n. 3, p. 609-626, Summer, 2002.
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ALEXANDER, T. Desmond. Further observations on the term “seed” in Genesis. Tyndale Bulletin, v. 48, n. 2, p. 363-367, 1997.
BERCOT, David W. (Org.). A dictionary of early Chris- tian beliefs. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1998.
BIETENHARD, Hans. ofij (cobra, serpente). In:BROWN, Colin (Ed.). Novo dicionário internacional de teologia do Novo Testamento. São Paulo: Vida Nova, 1989, v. 1, p. 687-688.
BOWKER, John (Ed.). e Oxford dictionary of world religions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
BROWN, Derek R. “ e God of peace will shortly crush Satan under your feet”: Paul’s eschatological reminder in Romans 16:20a. Neotestamentica v. 44, n. 1, p. 1-14, 2010.
CETINA, Edesio Sánchez. La misión de Israel a las naciones: Pentateuco y profetas anteriores. In PADILLA, René (Ed.). Bases bíblicas de la misión: Perspectivas la- tinoamericanas. Buenos Aires: Kairós, 1998, p. 37-85.
CALVERT-KOYZIS. Nancy. Abraham. Dictionary of the later New Testament & its developments. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1997, p. 1-6.
CHARLESWORTH, James H. Revealing the genius of biblical authors: archaeology and theology. Communio viatorum v. 46, n. 2, p 124-140, 2004.
CHISHOLM Jr., Robert H. “For this reason”: Etiology and the implications for the historicity of Adam. Criswell Theological Review v. 10, n. 2, p. 27-51, Spring. 2013.
COLLINS, Jack. A syntactical note (Genesis 3:15): Is the woman’s seed singular or plural? Tyndale Bulletin v. 48, n. 1, p. 139-148, 1997.
DAY. Alfred E.; JORDAN, Gregory D. Serpent. In: BRO- MILEY, Geoff rey W. (Ed.). e international standard Bible encyclopedia. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1988, v. 4, p. 417-418.
DeSILVA, David A. Wisdom of Solomon. In: EVANS, Craig A.; PORTER, Stanley (Ed.). Dictionary of New Testament Background. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2000, p. 1268-1276.
DOCHBORN. Jan. Paulus und die polyglotte Schriftge- lehrsamkeit seiner Zeit. Eine Studie zu den exegetischen Hintergründen von Röm 16,20. Zeitschrift fü r die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der ä lteren Kirche v. 98, n. 2, p. 189-212, 2007.
DÜCK, Arthur W. Satanás no Antigo Testamento. Re- vista Batista Pioneira v. 2, n. 1, p. 135-157, jun. 2013.
EICHRODT, Walther. Teologia do Antigo Testamento. São Paulo: Hagnos, 2004.
EMMRICH, Martin. The temptation narrative of Gen- esis 3:1-6: a prelude to the Pentateuch and the history of Israel. Evangelical Quarterly v. 73, n. 1, p. 3-20, 2001.
FICHTNER, Johannes; GRETHER, Oskar. e serpent in the OT. In: KITTEL, Gerhard; FRIEDRICH, Ger- hard (Ed.). Theological dictionary of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979, v. 5, p. 571-575.
FOERSTER, Werner. ofij (serpent). In: KITTEL, Ger- hard; FRIEDRICH, Gerhard (Ed.). Theological dictionary of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdma- ns, 1979, v. 5, p. 566-571.
FOUTS, David M. Numbers, large numbers. In: AR- NOLD, Bill T.; WILLIAMSON, H. G. M. (Ed.). Dic- tionary of the Old Testament historical books. Down- ers Grove: InterVarsity, 2005, p. 750-754.
FRETHEIM, Terence E. Is Genesis 3 a fall story? Word & World v. 14, n. 2, p. 144-153, 1994.
GARCIA-JALÓN DE LA LAMA, Santiago. Era la serpente mas más astuta alimaña que Dios hizo. Scripta Theologica v. 38, n. 2, p. 425-444, maio/ago. 2006.
GEHRKE, Ralph D. Genesis three in the light of key hermeneutical considerations. Concordia eological Monthly v. 36, n. 8, p. 534-560, set. 1965.
GLASSER, Arthur F.; VAN ENGEN, Charles E.; GIL- LILAND, Dean S; REDFORD, Shawn B. Announcing the kingdom: e story of God’s mission in the Bible. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2003.
GOW, Murray D. Fall. In: ALEXANDER, T. Desmond;BAKER, David W. (Ed.). Dictionary of the Old Testa- ment Pentateuch. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2003, p. 287-291.
HAMILTON, James. The seed of the woman and the blessing of Abraham. Tyndale Bulletin v. 58, n. 2, p.253-273, 2007.
HAMILTON, Victor P. [rz (sow, scater, seed). In: VAN- GEMEREN, Willem A. (Ed.). New international dic- tionary of Old Testament theology & exegesis. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1997, v. 1, p. 1151-1152.
______. (semear, espalhar semente). In: VANGEME- REN, Willem A. (Ed.). Novo dicionário internacional de teologia e exegese do Antigo Testamento. São Paulo:Cultura Cristã, 2011, v. 1, p. 1120-1121.
HANDY, Lowell K. Serpent (religious symbol). In:FREEDMAN, Daniel N. (Ed.). Anchor Bible Diction- ary. New York: Doubleday, 1992, v. 5, p. 1113-1116.
HARTLEY, John E. Genesis (NIBC). Peabody: Hen- drickson, 2003.
HENDEL, R. S. Serpent. In: VAN DER TOORN, Karel;BECKING, Bob; VAN DER HORST, Pieter (Ed.). Dic- tionary of deities and demons in the Bible. 2. ed. rev. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999, p. 744-747.
JANOWSKI, B. Azazel. In VAN DER TOORN, Karel;BECKING, Bob; VAN DER HORST, Pieter (Ed.). Dic- tionary of deities and demons in the Bible. 2. ed. rev. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999, p. 128-131.
JAROS, Karl. Die Motive der heiligen Bäume und der Schlange in Gen 2-3. Zeitschrift für die alttestamentli- che Wissenschaft v. 92, n. 2, p. 204-215, 1980.
JOINES, Karen Randolph. The serpent in Genesis 3. Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft v. 87, n. 1, p. 1-11, 1975.
KAISER, Walter C. Mission in the Old Testament: Is- rael as a light to the nations. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2000.
KIDNER, Derek. Gênesis: introdução e comentário. Sé- rie Cultura Cristã. São Paulo: Vida Nova, 1985.
KLINGBEIL, Gerald A. Historical criticism. In: ALEX- ANDER, T. Desmond; BAKER, David W. (Ed.). Dic- tionary of the Old Testament Pentateuch, Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2003, p. 401-420.
KÖSTENBERGER, Andreas J.; O’BRIEN, Peter T. Sal- vation to the ends of the earth: A biblical theology of mission. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2001.
LANE, William. Hebrews (WBC). Dallas: Word, 1991.
LEWIS, Jack P. e woman’s seed (Gen 3:15). JETS v. 34, n. 3, p. 299-319, set. 1991.
LUC, Alex T. ~r[ (‘rm, astuto). In: VANGEMEREN, Willem A. (Ed.). New international dictionary of Old Testament theology & exegesis. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1997, v. 3, p. 539-541.
______. ~r[ (‘rm, astuto). In: VANGEMEREN, Willem A. (Ed.). Novo dicionário internacional de teologia e exegese do Antigo Testamento. São Paulo: Cultura Cris- tã, 2011, v. 3, p. 537-538.
MARTIN, Raymond A. The earliest messianic interpre- tation of Genesis 3.15. Journal of Biblical Literature v. 84, n. 4, p. 425-427, dez, 1965.
McFALL, Leslie. Serpente. In: ALEXANDER, T.; ROS- NER, Brian S. (Ed.). Novo dicionário de teologia bíblica. São Paulo: Vida, 2009, p. 1188-1191.
McKENZIE, John L. The literary characteristics of Ge- nesis 2-3. Theological Studies v. 15, n. 4, p. 541-572, dez. 1954.
MOO, Douglas. The epistle to the Romans (NICNT). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1996.
MOTYER, J. Alec. Look at the rock: An Old Testament background to our understanding of Christ. Leicester, England: InterVarsity, 1998.
PAGE, Sydney H. T. Powers of evil: A biblical study of Satan & demons. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1995.
PHILLIPS, Elaine A. Serpent intertexts: Tantalizing twists in the tales. Bulletin for Biblical Research v. 10, n. 2, p 233-245, 2000.
POWELL, Matthew T. The serpent absent: Reading the second story of sin. Living Pulpit (Online) v. 18, n. 4, out./dez. 2009.
POYTHRESS, Vern S. The presence of God qualifying our notions of grammatical-historical interpretation:Genesis 3:15 as a test case. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society v. 50, n 1, p. 87-103, mar. 2007.
RILEY, G. J. Devil. In: VAN DER TOORN, Karel;BECKING, Bob; VAN DER HORST, Pieter (Ed.). Dic- tionary of deities and demons in the Bible. 2. ed. rev. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999, p. 244-249.
ROOP, Eugene F. Genesis (BCBC). Scottdale: Herald, 1987.
ROSE, Wolter H. Messiah. In: ALEXANDER, T. Des- mond; BAKER, David W. (Ed.). Dictionary of the Old Testament Pentateuch, Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2003, p. 565-568.
ROSS, Allen P. Creation & blessing: A guide to the study and exposition of Genesis. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1996.
ROSS MACKENZIE, John A. The patristic witness to the Virgin Mary as the new Eve. Marian Studies v. 29, p. 67-78, 1978.
______. The theme of Eve and Mary in the Early Chris- tian Church. Disponível em: <http://www.theway.org. uk/back/s025MacKenzie.pdf>. Acesso em: 09/11/2015.
SAVRAN, G. Beastly speech: intertextuality, Balaam’s ass and the Garden of Eden. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament v. 64, p. 33-55, 1994.
STALLMAN, Robert C. vx|n| (nahas – snake, serpent). In:VANGEMEREN, Willem A. (Ed.). New internation- al dictionary of Old Testament theology & exegesis. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1997, v. 3, p. 84-88.
______. vx|n| (nahas – cobra, serpente). In: VANGEME- REN, Willem A. (Ed.). Novo dicionário internacional de teologia e exegese do Antigo Testamento. São Paulo:Cultura Cristã, 2011, v. 3, p. 87-91
TATE, Marvin E. Satan in the Old Testament. Review and Expositor v. 89, p. 461-474, 1992.
TRIBLE, Phyllis. God’s enmity. The Living Pulpit v. 13, n. 1, p. 4-6, jan./mar. 2004.
VAN DAM, Cornelis. @wv (swp, esmagar). In: VAN- GEMEREN, Willem A. (Ed.). Novo dicionário inter- nacional de teologia e exegese do Antigo Testamento. São Paulo: Cultura Cristã, 2011, v. 4, p. 67-68.
WALTON, John H. Creation. In: ALEXANDER, T. Desmond; BAKER, David W. (Ed.). Dictionary of the Old Testament Pentateuch, Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2003a, p. 167-173.
______. Serpent. In: ALEXANDER, T. Desmond;BAKER, David W. (Ed.). Dictionary of the Old Testament Pentateuch, Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2003b, p. 736-739.
WENHAM, Gordon J. Genesis (WBC). Waco: Word, 1987, 1994. 2 v.
______. Book of Genesis. In: VANHOOZER, Kevin J. (org.). Dictionary for theological interpretation of the Bible. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2005, p. 246- 252.
______. Exploring the Old Testament: a guide to the Pentateuch, vol. 1. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2003.
WEYERMANN, Maja. The typologies of Adam-Christ and Eve-Mary, and their relationship to one another. Anglican Theological Review v. 84, n. 3, p. 609-626, Summer, 2002.
WHITE, R. Fowler. The last Adam and his seed: and exercise in theological preemption, Trinity Journal v. 6, n. 1, p. 60-73, Spring. 1985.
WIFALL, Walter R. Gen 3:15 – a Protoevangelium? Currents in Theology and Mission v. 10, n. 3, p. 176- 183, jun. 1983.
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Dück, A. W. (2019). Satanás e o Protoevangelho em Gênesis3!?. VIA TEOLÓGICA, 16(32), 93–152. Recuperado de https://periodicos.fabapar.com.br/index.php/vt/article/view/100
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Publicado: 2019-08-09
